Tellurian



(N'Moael.) 'l asheets-sneet 1.

S. T. SWIC-IFER'I'.`

TELLURIAN.

Patented July 7, 1891.

No. 455,419.v

(No Model.) Sheets-Sheet 2,

s. T. SWIGBRT. A

TELLURIAN. No. 455,419. Patented July 7,1891.-

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(N Model.)

s. T. SWIGBRT.

TBLLURIAN.

llavnen'ed July 7,1891.

RAMN i.

'me snm paens en., moro-umu., wAsHmarou, n. c.

, :UNITED STATES PATENTY OFFICE.

SAMUEL T. SIVIGERT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TIELLURIAIQ.l

g 'SPECIFICATION forrning part of Letters Patent No. 455,419, dated July 7, 1891.

Application filed May 7, 1890. Serial No. 350,871. (No model.)

T all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL T` SWIGERT, a

l citizen of the United States, residing in Ohibrass made of some ornamental cago, county of -Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulIrnprovements in Tellurians, of which I declare the following to be a full, scriptioi-i,` reference being ing drawings, forming l tion.

My invention consists of various novel features of construction to be hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation, parts being broken away. Fig. 2 is a plan viewof the telluria'n, the earth-globe being removed. Fig. 3 is a detailed View in side elevation of the moon-ball and the bracket for sustaining partI of this specificathesaine, the socket of the bracket being .shown in section. Fig. 4 is an enlarged View 1n end elevation of the outer part of the orblt-bar and the part-s sustained thereby. Fig.

4 is a detailed fractional View, partly in sec- I tion and partly in elevation, of one end of the har that sustains the circles of illumination and twilight. Fig. 5 is a view in verticallonl gitudinal section through the orbit-bar, the moon-bar, and adjacent parts, certain parts being shown in elevation. Fig. Gl is an inverted plan view of the orbit-bar and mechanism beneath the same. Fig. 7 is a view in section on line 7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view in section on line 8 8 of Fig. 5. Fig. 9 is an inverted plan View f the central portion of 'the orbit-bar, showing the slide-block for sustaining the pitman beneath this bar. Fig. 10 is a detailed perspective view of one ot' the side plates for the bearing or box of the pitman. Fig. l1 is a' detail view showing the arrangement of the gear mechanism at the base of the earth-shaft.

A designates the rim of the base A of the apparatus, this base being preferably formed as a casting having upwardly-extending ribs a'of usual o r suitable construction, that converge at their top and are covered by a cap; plate B.V This capsplate B is preferably of contour, and the bottom of the cap B is by preference formed by a horizontal ledge b, whereon will be placed the zodiacal strip B. By preferstrip Bin place.

clear, and exact de had to accompanyfrom the sun-bar.

ence, also, the cap 4B will have at its outer edge an upturned flange b', and will be provided with a groove b2 to better retain the zodiacal Through the apex of the base A passes a post O, that is held in place bymeans of a jam-nut c, that binds the shoulder c2 againstthe apex of the base and holds this post O against rotation. Over the post C is set the sun standard or support D, through the upper portion of which passes a set-screw el, that enters a groove 2, formed in the top of the post O.

Upon the top o f the standard D is sustained a bracket D', preferably having the hollow upper portion, in .which slides the arm E, that projects from and serves to sustain the sun-bar F. This sun-bar F is provided at its center with a perforation, through which will pass the needle F. that'serves to indicate the direct central ray of the sun. The sun-bar F is made extensible, preferably by providing this bar with the extensions F2, correspon din g in curvature with the bar and adapted to slide therein. The inner end of each of the extensions F2, as shown, is provided with a spring-catch f, adapted to enter a notch adjacent the end of sun-bar F, so as to prevent the entire withdrawal of the extensions F2 From this construction it will be seen that by mounting' the s un-bar F, so that the arm E can be moved back and forth within the bracket D', the teacher will be more readily able to indicate to the pupil the varying distance between the sun and the earth incident to the earths elliptical orbit. So,jalso, by making the sun-bar F extensible, the fact that the sun is much larger than the earth can be morereadily demonstrated.

The earth-globe G is sustained upon the outer end of the. orbit-bar H, the inner end of this barbeing mounted upon the post O and being sustained by theV base ofthe ap-Y paratus.l Upon the post C is' fixed a gearwheel 3, with which engages a gear-wheel 4., that is journaled upon a pin or stud 5, depending froin the orbit-bar I-I, and vfrom this gearewheel 4. projects a pin G,to which is fastened the innerend of a pitmanl?, that Y'lies beneath the orbit-bar and is adapted to re-f ceive both a reciprocating and rocking 1no.

tion.v The outer end of the 'pitman 7V is con` nected to an arm 8, that is keyed to the earthshaft K, this shaft being journaled in a bearing block or pillar 10, that is fastened to the outer end of the orbit-bai' l-I. To the shaft K is keyed the gear-Wheel 11, from which rises a sleeve 12, whereon rests a gear-Wheel 13,that is attached to the inner end or socket L of the vmoon-bar. Upon the top of the post 10 is journaled a pinion 14, that engages with the gear-wheel 11, and engages also with the pinion 15. The lower portion of the pinion 15 is cut away, so that it Will not mesh with the gear-Wheel 11; b ut the upper portion of this pinion 15 engagesl with the gear-Wheel 13 upon the inner end or socket L of the moon-bar. Vithin the inner end Vor socket L of the moon-bar is sustained the section 23 of the moon shaft, this section having at its end a beveled pinion 21, that engages with a correspondingly beveled pinion 22, that is keyed to the shaft K. The section L of the moon-bar is provided with a reduced portion or sleeve l, over which the section L of the moon-bar will tit, and through this section L extends the section 24C of the moon-shaft. The outer end of the section 24 of the moon-shaft is provided with a beveled pinion 25, adapted to engage With a correspondingly-beveled pinion 26 upon the end of the moon-post L2, this post being stepped in the outer yoke-shaped end of the moonbar, as seen in Fig. 5. The sections 23 and 24 of the moon-shaft willbe, respectively, provided with a tongue and groove, as seen in Fig. 5 of the drawings, so as to permit these sections to be engaged and form acontinuous shaft when the sections of the bar have been placed together for use. By preference, also, the section L of the moon-bar will be provided With a sight-opening Z2, which Will permit the engagement of the sections of the moon-shaft to be readily observed. Upon the moon-post L2 is mounted, in manner permitting it to be vertically adjusted, a bracket L3 that serves to sustain the moon-ball M, the position of this bracket upon the moon-post being determined by a set-screw 27. The moon-ball M is connected to the outer end of the bracket L3 by means of a swivel-socket m, through Which the outer end ot' the bracket L3 projects, and the position of the moon-ball upon the bracket L3 is determined by means of a set-screw fm. Across the face of the moon-ball M and suitably connected to its axis extends a semicircular band 'm2, which can be shifted to any position around the face of the moon in order to enable the teacher to more readily demonstrate to the pupil the various phases of the moon. So also the moonball M is provided with a transverse axis m3,

. to the ends of Which are connected the semicircular bands m4, the positions of which can be shifted freely around the face of the moon. My purpose more particularly in employing the band m4 is to morel readily indicate to the pupil the different positions of the horns of the moon, as, for example, in what are commonlyknown as Wet and dry moons. By

the use of thesebands mt'the teacher will be enabled to more readily show, by making a complete circle of these bands, how it happens that at certain times during the tirst quarter ofthe moon the entire outline of the moon is faintly observable.

My object in mounting the moon so that it can be adjusted vertically upon the moonpost L2is to permit the teacher to more readily demonstrate the different positions in which the moon is seen.

The pitman 7 is mounted `in a manner free to rock Within, a sliding box or bearing I. This box or bearing is shown in the drawings as having sides ,provided with curved seats 122 to receive correspondingly-curved projections i3, formed upon the pitman; but it is obvious, if desired, the projections might be formed u pon the box or bearing and the seats be formed in the pitman, as this would be but a reversal of the construction shown. The sides of the box or bearing I are also shown as connected together by means of a top plate t4, although I do not regard this as essential, as the sides of the box or bearing may beheld in position in any other convenient manner. Thus, for example, in the preferred form of sliding box or bearing illustrated in Fig. 9 the side plates of the box are shown as provided With curved seats i2, adapted to receive correspondingly-curved proj cctions i3, extending from the pitman 7; but in this construction the side plates t of the box or bearing I are provided each with a rib (shown by dotted lines in Fig. 9) that extend into a long seat t5, formed in an adjusting-plate i6. One of these adjusting-plates t is placed at each side of the box or bearing` I, and these plates are held in position by means of set-screws 50, so that they may be moved up from time to time to compensate for Wear. A further advantage in the employment of these plates i6 is that a smooth bearing-surface can be afforded -for the box or bearing I, although the inner face of the orbit-bar II may be very rough on account of its being of cast metal.

Upon the upper end of the earth-shaft K is keyed the earth-carrying arm GO, through the outer end of which passes the shaft or axis Whereon the earth-globe G is mounted in a manner free to revolve.

Upon the shaft K beneath the socket of the arm GO is set the centrally-perforated bar N, that serves to sustain the circles of illumination and twilight O and P.

As it is sometimes desirable to remove the circles O and P from the `globe, I detachably connect these circles to the bar N by means of the posts 23 and 29, that enter corresponding seats or sockets in the ends of the bar N. By preference, also, the socket n at one end of the bar N is formed as an open socket, and the corresponding post 28 is screw-threaded to receive a j am-nut n which serves to tightly bind the posts in position. IIence it will be seen that if it is desirable to remove the circles O and P it is only necessary to loosen the IOO IIO

with respect to the central suns ray F, I pre-' jam-nut nf, (see Figs. 4 and 4%) then turn the post 28 from out the socket n, and then lift the post 29 from out its socket.

As it is sometimes desirable to remove the moon-ball M and the moon shaft andarm, and at such time tohold the circles O and P so that they shall maintain a fixed position fer to providethe bar N with a spring-arm N', adaptedV to connect said bar to the orbitbar H, and for this purpose the spring-arm N is provided at its outer end with a hole into which enters a hook or pin mithat projects from the top ot the'orbit-bar. The circles O and P are connected together by snitable rods 30 and 31,about their lower portion, and the upper half of the circle 'P is united by a hinge 32 to the lower part of this circle,

-so that the upper portion of circle P can be turned to a horizontal position, as seen in dotted lines in Fig. 1,`and can be retained in this position by reason of the lugs 33, that project from the lower portion of the circle P.

In order to iirmly unite the circles O and P together, so that they will ferm an accuratelydefined plate around the globe G, I provide a catch-rod p, that is ,preferably permanently attached to the circle P, and has a swivelbutton p', adapted to enter an oblong slotl at the top of the circle O, so that when this button p is turned to the position seen in Fig. 1 it will hold the circles O and P in exact position in respect to each other, and thus accurately Adefine the twilight-beltv around the globe G. The orbit-bar H will have fixed, to its-inner end a pointer S, that will extend to a point above the zodiacal circle B in wellknown manner.

From the construction of parts as thus far defined itwill be seen that if rotation be imparted to the orbit-bar H, the movement ofV this Abar about the stationary post C will cause the gear-wheel 4 to revolve by reasoniot its engagement with the gear-wheel 3, that is xed to the post, and this revolution of the gear-wheel 4 will cause a back-and-forth movement of the pitman 7, and also a rocking movement of this pitman in the box or bearing I, thatis caused to slide back and forth with the-pitman. The movement thus given to the pitman will, through the medium of the crank 8, impart rotation to the shaft K. As the shaft K is thus rotated, the gear-wheel 11 upon this shaft will engage with the pinion 14, causing this pinion 14 to rotate and impart rotation to the pinion 15 that meshes therewith, and the rotation of the pinion 15 will, by reason of its engagement with the gear-wheel 13 of the section L ot' the moonbar, cause a rotation of the moon-bar aboutv the shaft K. As the moon-baris thus rotated aboutvt-he shaft K, the engagement of the beveled pinion 2l of the moon-shaft with the beveled pinion 22, that is keyed to the shaftmoon-post L2, thereby' causing' the rotation of the moon-globe M about-such post. At the same time therotationof the/shaft K will cause, through the mediumof the earth-carrying arm GO, the earth-globe G to rotate in the usual manner.

From end to end ofthe earths axis extends the semicircular strip g, by which the latitude and time of sunrise for any desired point upon the earths surface can be readily obtained, and my object in thus using a semicircular strip is to enable the latitude and time'of sunrise for places lin the southern hemisphere to be more readily and accurately determined than where a simple segmentshaped pointer extendingv over the northern hemisphere only, is employed for this purpose.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isl 1. In apparatus ot the class described, the combination, with the earth-globe and a bar extending in a vertical plane opposite said earth-globe to indicate the suns area, of a support for said vertically-extending bar and whereon said bar is horizontally.adjustable to permit it to be adjusted toward and from the earth-globe, substantially as described.

2; In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with'an upwardly-extended bar representing the sun, of a support for said bar provided at its top with a sleeve, and an arm projecting from said bar into said sleeve, whereby said bar may be adj usted toward and from the earth globe, substantially as described. Y y

3. In apparatus of the class described,'the combination, with a bar representing the sun, of one or more movable end extensions for said bar, whereby the extent of said bar may be increased to better indicate the size of the sun, substantially as described. v

4. In apparatus of kthe class described, the combination, with a hollow curve-bar repre-- senting the sun, of one or more end extensions adapted to slideinto and be withdrawn from said curVebar, .substantially as described. v

5. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with the post C, provided with a IOC IIO

gear-wheel, of an orbit-bar II, provided with depending sides and provided at its inner end with a gear-wheel engaging with the gearwheel ot' the post, a pitman connected to said gear-wheel of the orbit-bar at one end and at its opposite end provided with `a crank, an earth-shaft tov which said crank is directly attached, and a sliding box or bearing within the orbit-barin which the pitman is mounted,vv

said sliding box or bearing being held between the depending sides of said orbit-bar,

substantially as described.` 6. In apparatus of thev class described, the

combinatioinwith the orbit-bar II, provided,

with depending sides, the pitman 7, and asuit able connecting mechanism, of asliding box orbearing between the depending sides of and beneath said orbit-bar, Whereon said pitman is mounted in a manner permitting' it to rock, and adjustable side plates 'for said box or bearing, substantially as described.

7. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with the orbit-bar and an earthshaft and suitable means for rotating said shaft, of a moon-bar carried by said shaft, and a moon-shaft within said moon-bar, said shaft and said moon-bar being formed of detachable sections, substantially as described.

8. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, With the orbit-bar and an earthshaft at its outer end and means for rotating said orbit-bar and said earth-shaft, of a moonbar carried by said earth-shaft, gear mechanism whereby said moon-bar may be rotated about said earth-shaft, suitable gear mechanism for imparting rotation to said moon-shaft, a counter-shaft at the end of said moon-bar for supporting the moon-ball, and suitable means for rotating said counter-shaft, said moonbar and said moon-shaft being formed of detachable sections, whereby a portion of said moon-bar and of said moon-shaft and said counter-shaft can be removed, substantially as described.

combination, with the orbit and the earth-bar and means for rotating said earth-bar, of a 4o 4said bracket in a manner free to turn both in horizontal and vertical directions, substantially as described.

11. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with the orbit-bar and the earthshaft and means for rotating said earth-shaft and orbit-bar, of a moon-bar and a verticallyadjustable moon-ball sustained at the outer end of said moon-bar, said moon-ball being mounted in a manner free to revolve, and a support for said moon-ball, around which said moon-ball can be turned and adjusted, substantially as described.

l2. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with the earth-globe, of a circle ot' illumination and a twilight-circle, said twilight-circle being provided with a hinged section, and a catch whereby said circles may be held in accurate alignment, substantially as described.

13. In apparatus of the class described, the combination, with the orbit-bar, the earthshaft, and the bar for sustaining the twilight and illumination circles, of a spring-arm adapted to connect said bar to the orbit-bar, substantially as described.

SAMUEL T. SVIGER'F.

NVitnesses:

Guo. P. FISHER, J r., JAMESl H. PEIRcE. 

